Large language models based on the Transformer architecture have revolutionized AI technology recently. Transformers are versatile and useful for various tasks, but they all have the property that they process their input all at once and generate output one word at a time. This can lead to frustrating delays, inefficient processing, and technical difficulties from time-outs because you cannot know in advance how long a transformer-based model will take to complete its output.
To overcome this, it would be better to stream the results.
DocArray and Jina provide a streaming mechanism designed for AI models. This article will show you how to use them to stream interaction with the Llama-2-Chat model.
tagGetting Access to the Llama-2-chat Model
Before starting, you will need permission from Meta to download the model from Hugging Face.
- First, you will need a Hugging Face account. You can sign up for one for free on the Hugging Face website.
- Next, you will need to request permission from Meta. You can make the request from the model card page for Llama 2 at Hugging Face, when you are logged in with your Hugging Face credentials.
- Finally, request a token from Hugging Face from your settings page. You will need this token to download the model.
You will need the token to access Hugging Face models via the transformers interface. Before running the code in this article, you should log in using the command huggingface-cli:
% huggingface-cli login
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To login, `huggingface_hub` requires a token generated from https://huggingface.co/settings/tokens .
Token:
You should then paste in your token and press enter. You will be asked if you want to add your token as git credential. You can answer yes or no, but no is faster.
If successful, you will get a result that looks like this:
Token is valid.
Your token has been saved to /users/your_name/.cache/huggingface/token
Login successful
tagPrompting the Llama-2-chat Model
The Llama 2 model marks a significant improvement over its predecessor, Llama 1. Released as a selection of models ranging in size from 7 to 70 billion parameters, Llama 2 offers users considerably more power and flexibility, as well as having been trained on 40% more data and having a context size — the maximum size of any input — of up to 4,000 tokens, twice as much as Llama 1 and comparable to ChatGPT 3.5.
But the real highlight is the Llama-2-chat model. Tailored specifically for dialog applications with a million additional human-annotated data items, they are the state-of-the-art in terms of helpfulness and safety, with performance on chat tasks rivaling much larger ChatGPT models.
Llama-2-chat offers users a semi-structured prompt schema that lets you divide your input into a system prompt and user message. It has been trained to respond to the system prompt as a kind of background or meta-instruction that it should consider every time it answers and a user message relevant only to the current interaction.
The schema is very simple. The initial interaction with Llama-2-chat should look like this:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
*system_prompt*
<</SYS>>
*user_message*
[/INST]
For example, we might create a system prompt like this:
You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully as possible while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature.
If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why instead of answering something incorrectly. If you don't know the answer to a question, don't share false information.
Then, ask a random question like:
If I punch myself in the face and it hurts, am I weak or strong?
The full message passed to Llama-2-chat model would therefore be:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as
helpfully as possible while being safe. Your answers should not
include any harmful, unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or
illegal content. Please ensure that your responses are socially
unbiased and positive in nature.
If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent,
explain why instead of answering something incorrectly. If you don't
know the answer to a question, don't share false information.
<</SYS>>
If I punch myself in the face and it hurts, am I weak or strong?
[/INST]In a conversation, you must add the previous interactions, including the output from Llama 2. For longer interactions, the schema looks like this:
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
*system_prompt*
<</SYS>>
*user_msg_1*
[/INST]
*model_answer_1*
</s>
<s>[INST]
*user_msg_2*
[/INST]
*model_answer_2*
</s>
<s>[INST]
*user_msg_3*
[/INST]
etc...Models like Llama 2 have no memory of past interactions, and the surrounding application must provide the memory by including the conversation log in the prompt of each message. But as long as the system prompt is within the 4,000 model’s token limit, it will be remembered and considered when answering.
tagStreaming Chat
Jina and DocArray provide a set of tools that make it possible to construct a streaming connection between an AI model and a user application with a minimum of Python code.
You will need to install a number of libraries in your Python environment, specifically the torch, transformers, jina, and docarray libraries, as well as some other supporting libraries if not already present:
pip install docarray jina bitsandbytes accelerate transformers
tagService schemas
The first step in creating a streaming service, regardless of framework, is defining service schemas. At its most abstract, the service takes a text input and receives back a stream of tokens. In addition, we provide a parameter for setting the maximum number of tokens to respond with.
We construct our schema using DocArray, which is designed to support flexible AI-centric services:
from docarray import BaseDoc
class PromptDocument(BaseDoc):
prompt: str
max_tokens: int
class ModelOutputDocument(BaseDoc):
token_id: int
generated_text: str
tagService initialization
Next, we create the token streaming class that is central to our service. This class contains and initializes both the language model and its tokenizer. In the example below, we use the 7B Llama-2-chat model — the smallest of the Llama-2-chat models — and load it using the facilities from the transformer library. It extends the Jina Executor class, which contains a number of methods for handling streams and processes.
Note that we've set the device_map parameter to auto, ensuring that the model uses a GPU if it has access to one, and load_in_8bit to True, which quantizes the model to reduce its size in memory. These settings make running our code smoothly on a free Google Colab notebook feasible.
from jina import Executor, requests
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM
import torch
model_name = 'meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-chat-hf'
class TokenStreamingExecutor(Executor):
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
super().__init__(**kwargs)
self.tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
self.model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
model_name, device_map='auto', load_in_8bit=True
)tagImplementing the streaming endpoint
We implement the streaming endpoint as the task method of the TokenStreamingExecutor. This method processes an instance of PromptDocument and dynamically streams back a sequence of ModelOutputDocument instances.
We implement this using Python’s yield keyword in the code below, generating tokens on the fly up to the user-specified maximum number of tokens or until the END token is encountered (self.tokenizer.eos_token_id).
Each ModelOutputDocument that the stream returns encapsulates a numerical token ID and its corresponding text string.
class TokenStreamingExecutor(Executor):
...
def starts_with_space(self, token_id):
token = self.tokenizer.convert_ids_to_tokens(token_id)
return token.startswith('▁')
@requests(on='/stream')
async def task(self, doc: PromptDocument, **kwargs) -> ModelOutputDocument:
input = self.tokenizer(doc.prompt, return_tensors='pt')
input_len = input['input_ids'].shape[1]
for output_length in range(doc.max_tokens):
output = self.model.generate(**input, max_new_tokens=1)
current_token_id = output[0][-1]
if current_token_id == self.tokenizer.eos_token_id:
break
current_token = self.tokenizer.decode(
current_token_id, skip_special_tokens=True
)
if self.starts_with_space(current_token_id.item()) and output_length > 1:
current_token = ' ' + current_token
yield ModelOutputDocument(
token_id=current_token_id,
generated_text=current_token,
)
input = {
'input_ids': output,
'attention_mask': torch.ones(1, len(output[0])),
}
You can learn more about streaming endpoints from the Executor class documentation on the Jina website.
tagUsing the streaming service
Now that all the code is in place, we can run the service and start to use it. The code below deploys an instance of the TokenStreamingExecutor class and sets up a gRPC endpoint at the specified port:
from jina import Deployment
with Deployment(uses=TokenStreamingExecutor, port=12345, protocol='grpc') as dep:
dep.block()
Once the service is running, you can send it messages and see how the model responds. The code below uses the Jina Client class to contact the service, pass it a correctly formatted prompt, receive the stream of tokens, and print them out.
import asyncio
from jina import Client
llama_prompt = PromptDocument(
prompt="""
<s>[INST] <<SYS>>
You are a helpful, respectful, and honest assistant. Always answer as helpfully
as possible while being safe. Your answers should not include any harmful,
unethical, racist, sexist, toxic, dangerous, or illegal content. Please ensure
that your responses are socially unbiased and positive in nature.
If a question does not make any sense or is not factually coherent, explain why
instead of answering something incorrectly. If you don't know the answer to a
question, don't share false information.
<</SYS>>
If I punch myself in the face and it hurts, am I weak or strong? [/INST]
""",
max_tokens=100,
)
async def main():
client = Client(port=12345, protocol='grpc', asyncio=True)
async for doc in client.stream_doc(
on='/stream',
inputs=llama_prompt,
return_type=ModelOutputDocument,
):
print(doc.generated_text, end='')
asyncio.run(main())
If you run this code, the result should look something like this:
I'm here to help you, but I must inform you that punching oneself in the face
is not a safe or healthy practice. It can cause physical harm and lead to
injuries, including broken bones, cuts, and bruises. It is not a recommended or
acceptable way to handle emotions or stress.
Instead of resorting to harmful actions, there are many other ways to manage
emotions and cope with stress in a healthy and constructive manner. Some options
include:
1. Exercise: Physical activity can help release tension and improve mood.
2. Mindfulness: Practices such as meditation, deep breathing, or yoga can help
you focus on the present moment and manage emotions.
3. Talking to someone: Sharing your feelings with a trusted friend, family
member, or mental health professional can provide emotional support and help
you find healthy ways
You can adapt this code to any prompt or extend it to support a fully two-way conversation.
tagRun Your Own AI Chat Service
With the release of Llama 2 and its chat-trained models, you can use Jina and DocArray to create and operate your own chat service with just a few classes and functions.
You can use a cloud service provider, for example, Jina AI Cloud, and control the entire technology stack, never paying external API fees or worrying about your data privacy. The smallest model is small enough to run in-house on a well-resourced GPU machine, eliminating even cloud dependencies if desired.
Llama 2’s separation of system prompts from user input gives you an additional layer of control, letting you do your own prompt engineering and in-context learning and building it into the service.
The possibilities are endless.
tagGet Involved
To learn more, check out the websites for Jina AI and DocArray. You can also contact us and the Jina user community via Discord.
